Colon cancer is a major human cancer accounting for about a tenth of all cancer cases thus
making it among the top three cancers in terms of incidence as well as mortality. Metastasis …

Tumor microenvironment is a complex system that contains multiple cells and cytokines.
Among the multiple immune cells, macrophage is particularly abundant and plays an …

Tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid in mammals, is involved in several physiological
processes including neuronal function, immunity, and gut homeostasis. In humans, TRP is …

T-lymphocytes play a critical role in cancer immunity as evidenced by their presence in
resected tumor samples derived from long-surviving patients, and impressive clinical …

Simple Summary Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the major subtype of lung cancer and
represents the deadliest human cancer, affecting current-, ex-, and even non-smokers …

Senescent cells, albeit not proliferating, are metabolically and transcriptionally active,
thereby capable of affecting their microenvironment, notably via the production of …

Until recently, inflammatory chemokines were viewed mainly as indispensable “gate
keepers” of immunity and inflammation. However, updated research indicates that cancer …

It has become necessary to accept the clinical reality of therapeutic agents targeting the
cancer-associated immune system. In recent decades, several investigations have …

Chemokines (chemo‐attractant cytokines) are a group of small proteins that act together with
their cell surface receptors, in development, normal physiology and immune responses, to …

Epigenetic disorders such as point mutations in cellular tumor suppressor genes, DNA
methylation and post-translational modifications are needed to transformation of normal …