In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

The extracellular space is an environment hostile to unmodified polypeptides. For this
reason, many eukaryotic proteins destined for exposure to this environment through …

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a cytoprotective pathway initiated upon
phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) residue designated …

Stress-induced eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α phosphorylation
paradoxically increases translation of the metazoan activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) …

We show that phosphorylation of the a subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (elF-
2) by the protein kinase GCN2 mediates translational control of the yeast transcriptional …

Protein kinase GCN2 is a multidomain protein that contains a region homologous to histidyl-
tRNA synthetases juxtaposed to the kinase catalytic moiety. Previous studies have shown …

Heme controls expression of genes involved in the synthesis of globins and heme. The
mammalian transcription factor Bach1 functions as a repressor of the Maf recognition …

Two isozymes of heme oxygenase (HO), HO‐1 or HSP32 and the constitutive form HO‐2,
have been characterized to date. We report the discovery of a third protein species and refer …

Although the physiological role of tissue‐specific translational control of gene expression in
mammals has long been suspected on the basis of biochemical studies, direct evidence has …

This review presents a description of the numerous eukaryotic protein synthesis factors and
their apparent sequential utilization in the processes of initiation, elongation, and …