Over the past few decades, researchers have attempted to simplify and accelerate the
process of sleep stage classification through various approaches; however, only a few such …

Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are often contaminated with artifacts. It is imperative
to develop a practical and reliable artifact removal method to prevent the misinterpretation of …

Sleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory
formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in …

Background: Sleep spindles are an indicator of the development and integrity of the central
nervous system in infants. Identifying sleep spindles manually in EEG is time-consuming …

Sleep spindles (SSs) and K-complexes (KCs) are brain patterns involved in cognitive
functions that appear during sleep. Large-scale sleep studies would benefit from precise …

Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) sequences are composed of cycles of alternate activation
phases (A-phases) and background phases. CAP A-phases can be further divided into three …

The main purpose of a detection system is to ascertain the state of an individual's eyes,
whether they are open and alert or closed, and then alert them to their level of fatigue. As a …

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a tool utilized to capture the intricate electrical dynamics
within the brain, offering invaluable insights into neural activity. This method is pivotal in …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by
frequent cessations or reductions of breathing during sleep. Polysomnography (PSG) is a …

Background Sleep spindles are distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of brain
activity that have been posited to play a critical role in development, learning, and …