Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic
structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In …

Clinical therapeutics for the regeneration of osteochondral defects (OCD) in the early stages
of osteoarthritis remain an enormous challenge in orthopaedics. For in-depth studies of …

Osteochondral defect (OCD) regeneration remains challenging because of the hierarchy of
the native tissue including both the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone …

Partial‐thickness cartilage defect (PTCD) is a common and formidable clinical challenge
without effective therapeutic approaches. The inherent anti‐adhesive characteristics of the …

Microfracture technique for treating articular cartilage defects usually has poor clinical
outcomes due to critical heterogeneity and extremely limited in quality. To improve the …

Osteochondral (OC) defects cannot adequately repair themselves due to their sophisticated
layered structure and lack of blood supply in cartilage. Although therapeutic interventions …

Articular cartilage (AC), a bone-to-bone protective device made of up to 80% water and
populated by only one cell type (ie chondrocyte), has limited capacity for regeneration and …

Porosity affects performance of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering both in vitro and in
vivo. Macropores (ie, pores with a diameter> 100 μm) are essential for cellular infiltration; …

Promoting the in situ regeneration of cartilage without additional cells or cytokines remains
challenging. Here, inspired by the unique microstructures of subchondral bone, a cell and …