The endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria during eukaryogenesis has long been viewed as
an adaptive response to the oxygenation of Earth's surface environment, presuming a …

Many groups of closely related species have reticulate phylogenies. Recent genomic
analyses are showing this in many insects and vertebrates, as well as in microbes and …

Charles Darwin changed the course of scientific thinking by showing how evolution
accounts for the stunning diversity and biological complexity of life on earth. Recently, there …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

All complex life is composed of eukaryotic (nucleated) cells. The eukaryotic cell arose from
prokaryotes just once in four billion years, and otherwise prokaryotes show no tendency to …

Hybridization between species is commonplace in plants, but is often seen as unnatural and
unusual in animals. Here, I survey studies of natural interspecific hybridization in plants and …

“One of the deepest, most illuminating books about the history of life to have been published
in recent years.”—The Economist The Earth teems with life: in its oceans, forests, skies and …

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological
evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular …

Game theory is central to understanding human behavior and relevant to all of the
behavioral sciences—from biology and economics, to anthropology and political science …

Uncovers the Key Role Microbes Play in the Transformation of Oxidizable and Reducible
MineralsMany areas of geomicrobial processes are receiving serious attention from …