BACKGROUND Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are places in the ocean that receive
protection to safeguard biodiversity from abatable threats. Confusion exists about the …

Cystoseira species are some of the most important marine ecosystem-engineers, forming
extended canopies comparable to land forests. Such forests are sensitive to human …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of
ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under …

The central challenge of the 21st century is to develop economic, social, and governance
systems capable of ending poverty and achieving sustainable levels of population and …

Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications Page 1
Anthony Waldron1; Vanessa Adams2; James Allan3; Andy Arnell4; Greg Asner5; Scott Atkinson6; …

Abstract The United Nations' target for global ocean protection is 10% of the ocean in Marine
Protected Areas (MPAs) by 2020. There has been remarkable progress in the last decade …

Abstract Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and
ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased …

The ocean has recently taken a more prominent role on the international policy stage. In
June, the United Nations (UN) initiated development of a treaty for conservation of …

Blue carbon in mangroves represents one of highest values of carbon stocks per hectare,
and could play an important role in climate change mitigation. In this study we estimated the …

Healthy ocean ecosystems are needed to sustain people and livelihoods and to achieve the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Using the ocean sustainably requires …