Evolutionary modelling studies indicate less than a century has passed since the most
recent common ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains and, in that time frame, an …

Efforts to make vaccines against infectious diseases as well as immunotherapies for cancer,
autoimmune diseases and allergy have utilized a variety of heterologous expression …

Antigen-specific T cell immunity is HLA-restricted. Human immunodeficiency virus–type 1
(HIV-1) mutations that allow escape from host immune responses may therefore be HLA …

Background From studies of genetic polymorphisms and the rate of progression from human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome …

Cellular immune responses, particularly those associated with CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTL), play a primary role in controlling viral infection, including persistent …

This study was performed to compare the vigor and phenotype of virus-specific CD4+ and
CD8+ T-cell responses in patients with different virologic and clinical outcomes after …

HIV-1-specific IgA has been described in the genital tract and plasma of HIV-1 highly
exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) individuals, and IgA from these sites has been …

AIDS and the bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS) are severe combined immunodeficiencies.
BLS results from mutations in genes that regulate the expression of class II major …

Dendritic cells (DCs) facilitate HIV-1 spread in the host by capturing virions and transferring
them to permissive lymphocytes in lymphoid organs. Lectins such as DC-specific ICAM …

COMMENTARY hope that the multi-epitope DNA and MVA vaccine approach may induce
similar levels of cellular responses in humans. Here, the design rationale, construction and …