More than two decades ago, experiments on the antiviral mechanisms of IFNs led to the
discovery of JAKs and their downstream effectors, the STAT proteins. This pathway has …

Interferon-α (IFNα) and IFNβ, collectively known as type I IFNs, are the major effector
cytokines of the host immune response against viral infections. However, the production of …

STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are a family of latent cytoplasmic
proteins that are activated to participate in gene control when cells encounter various …

Abstract Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is crucial for immunity against intracellular pathogens and for
tumor control. However, aberrant IFN‐γ expression has been associated with a number of …

▪ Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are populations of lymphocytes that can be activated to
mediate significant levels of cytotoxic activity and produce high levels of certain cytokines …

▪ Abstract Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of
a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. These factors …

The T helper lymphocyte is responsible for orchestrating the appropriate immune response
to a wide variety of pathogens. The recognition of the polarized T helper cell subsets Th1 …

Chemokines and their receptors are important elements for the selective attraction of various
subsets of leukocytes. To better understand the selective migration of functional subsets of T …

The interface between an infectious agent and its host represents the ultimate battleground
for survival: The microbe must secure a niche for replication, whereas the host must limit the …

Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the dimerization of STATs as an essential prerequisite
for the establishment of a classical JAK-STAT signaling path. However, most vertebrate …