Even with the assistance of many cellular factors, a significant fraction of newly synthesized
proteins ends up misfolded. Cells evolved protein quality control systems to ensure that …

The terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural products and many interesting products
are extensively applied in the industrial sector as flavors, fragrances, spices and are also …

Devices that interact with living organisms are typically made of metals, silicon, ceramics,
and plastics. Implantation of such devices for long-term monitoring or treatment generally …

The cytosol-localised mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway delivers the basic isoprene unit
isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). In higher plants, this central metabolic intermediate is also …

The endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are major plant organelles for
protein synthesis, photosynthesis, metabolism, and energy production. Protein homeostasis …

Terpenoids constitute a large and diverse class of natural products that serve many
functions in nature. Most of the tens of thousands of the discovered terpenoids are …

Grain size is an important agronomic trait, but our knowledge about grain size determination
in crops is still limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–associated degradation (ERAD) is a …

Sterol homeostasis is essential for the function of cellular membranes and requires feedback
inhibition of HMGR, a rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. As HMGR acts at the …

Highlights•Plants use MVA and MEP pathways to produce the common precursors of all
isoprenoids.•The two pathways are physically separated but coordinated at several …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of maturation for roughly one-third of all cellular
proteins. ER-resident molecular chaperones and folding catalysts promote folding and …