The incidence and prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
continue to rise in tandem with the increasing age and burdens of obesity, sedentariness …

Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not …

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) remains the major parameter for diagnosis,
phenotyping, prognosis and treatment decisions in heart failure. The 2016 ESC heart failure …

Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health issue with an estimated prevalence of 64
million people globally. Although the incidence of HF has stabilised worldwide and seems to …

The heart failure syndrome has first been described as an emerging epidemic about 25
years ago. Today, because of a growing and ageing population, the total number of heart …

After the publication of the revised edition, therapeutic drugs described in “Future Treatment”
were approved and important evidence for pharmacologic therapy and nonpharmacologic …

Summary Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National
Institutes of Health and other government agencies, brings together in a single document the …

Background: Guidelines strongly recommend patients with heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF) be treated with multiple medications proven to improve clinical …

Summary Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government …

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) have a poor prognosis and are categorized by
ejection fraction (EF). Objectives: This study sought to characterize differences in outcomes …