This review addresses the interplay between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and
cardiovascular diseases. It is proposed that obesity, generally defined by an excess of body …

Investigations into the mixed muscle–secretory phenotype of cardiomyocytes from the atrial
appendages of the heart led to the discovery that these cells produce, in a regulated …

Natriuretic peptide [NP; B‐type NP (BNP), N‐terminal proBNP (NT‐proBNP), and
midregional proANP (MR‐proANP)] concentrations are quantitative plasma biomarkers for …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a major public health problem that is
rising in prevalence, is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is considered to be …

Elevated levels of diastolic BP and especially systolic BP (SBP) are major risk factors for the
development of HF. 18, 19 One of the most impactful observations from the Framingham …

Cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial NP (ANP) and B-type NP (BNP) are true hormones
produced and released by cardiomyocytes, exerting several systemic effects. Together with …

One of the most promising areas in the therapeutics for metabolic diseases centers around
activation of the pathways of energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue is a particularly …

The ability of mammals to resist body fat accumulation is linked to their ability to expand the
number and activity of “brown adipocytes” within white fat depots. Activation of β-adrenergic …

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are released from the heart in response to pressure and volume
overload. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal-proBNP have become important …

Natriuretic peptide (NP) levels (B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal proBNP)
are now widely used in clinical practice and cardiovascular research throughout the world …