Subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics has become a valuable alternative to intravenous
administration across many disease areas. Although the pharmacokinetic profiles of …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell
activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7. 1 and B7. 2, the expression and …

Background Upadacitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor to treat rheumatoid
arthritis. The efficacy and safety of upadacitinib as compared with abatacept, a T-cell …

Currently, five anti-TNF biologic agents are approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
(RA): adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept, golimumab and certolizumab pegol. Formation of …

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of abatacept, a selective T-cell costimulation
modulator, in a phase III study in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods This study randomised …

Background Methotrexate is considered the preferred disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic
drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but controversy exists on the …

Objectives To compare over 2 years the safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes of
subcutaneous abatacept versus adalimumab, in combination with methotrexate (MTX), in …

Objectives To evaluate efficacy and safety of abatacept in adults with active primary
Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial …

The biological DMARD (bDMARD) abatacept (Orencia®), a recombinant fusion protein,
selectively modulates a co-stimulatory signal necessary for T-cell activation. In the EU …

Objective There is a need for comparative studies to provide evidence‐based treatment
guidance for biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, this study was …