Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a
fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial …

BACKGROUND Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process of degrading and recycling
proteins and organelles to modulate various physiological and pathological events …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Autophagy represents an intracellular degradation process which is involved in both cellular
homeostasis and disease settings. In the last two decades, the molecular machinery …

The mitochondrion is an organelle that has its own DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondria play
essential roles in energy production and in various cellular processes such as metabolism …

The formation of the autophagic vesicles requires the recruitment of ubiquitin-like Atg8
proteins to the membrane of nascent autophagosomes. Seven Atg8 homologs are present in …

Autophagy is a fundamental process that exists in all eukaryotic organisms, with a primary
function of catabolizing undesirable components to provide energy and essential materials …

Variants of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are commonly used as markers to track human
evolution because of the high sequence divergence and exclusive maternal inheritance. It is …

Autophagy is an essential vacuolar process of the cell, leading to lysosomal degradation
and recycling of proteins and organelles, which is extremely important in maintaining …

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an intracellular degradative
process, well conserved among eukaryotes. By engulfing cytoplasmic constituents into the …