Serotonin is a phylogenetically ancient biogenic amine that has played an integral role in
maintaining energy homeostasis for billions of years. In mammals, serotonin produced …

The evolution of glucagon has seen the transition from an impurity in the preparation of
insulin to the development of glucagon receptor agonists for use in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 …

In vitro differentiation of human stem cells can produce pancreatic β-cells; the loss of this
insulin-secreting cell type underlies type 1 diabetes. Here, as a step towards understanding …

Endocrine cells within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are heterogeneous in terms of
transcriptional profile, protein expression and the regulation of hormone release. Even …

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a multifunctional bioamine with
important signaling roles in a range of physiological pathways. Almost all of the 5-HT in our …

The “second messenger” archetype cAMP is one of the most important cellular signalling
molecules with central functions including the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent multifactorial disease that has
both genetic and environmental risk factors, resulting in impaired glucose homeostasis …

The pancreatic islet is a complex mini organ composed of a variety of endocrine cells and
their support cells, which together tightly control blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) once most extensively studied as a
neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, is seen to be predominantly secreted in the …