This guide describes best practices in using eye tracking technology for research in a variety
of disciplines. A basic outline of the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and of eye …

Researchers agree that comprehenders regularly predict upcoming language, but they do
not always agree on what prediction is (and how to differentiate it from integration) or what …

During real-time language comprehension, our minds rapidly decode complex meanings
from sequences of words. The difficulty of doing so is known to be related to words' …

Understanding spoken language requires transforming ambiguous acoustic streams into a
hierarchy of representations, from phonemes to meaning. It has been suggested that the …

A key component of research on human sentence processing is to characterize the
processing difficulty associated with the comprehension of words in context. Models that …

The fully updated eighth edition of Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook provides
comprehensive yet accessible coverage of all the key areas in the field ranging from visual …

Speech processing is highly incremental. It is widely accepted that human listeners
continuously use the linguistic context to anticipate upcoming concepts, words, and …

Current theories of language processing emphasize prediction as a mechanism to facilitate
comprehension, which contrasts with the state of the field a few decades ago, when …

Current theories of language comprehension posit that readers and listeners routinely try to
predict the meaning but also the visual or sound form of upcoming words. Whereas most …

Theoretical accounts of the N400 are divided as to whether the amplitude of the N400
response to a stimulus reflects the extent to which the stimulus was predicted, the extent to …