Plant exosome-like nanovesicles, being innately replete with bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA,
and other pharmacologically active molecules, offer unique morphological and …

Biotic stress is caused by harmful microbes that prevent plants from growing normally and
also having numerous negative effects on agriculture crops globally. Many biotic factors …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EV s) that play a central role in intercellular signaling in
mammals by transporting proteins and small RNAs. Plants are also known to produce EV s …

Plant secondary metabolites carry out numerous functions in interactions between plants
and a broad range of other organisms. Experimental evidence strongly supports the …

Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of
disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) …

Loss-of-function mutations of one or more of the appropriate Mildew resistance locus o (Mlo)
genes are an apparently reliable “weapon” to protect plants from infection by powdery …

Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction.
Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch …

Abstract The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcription factor WRKY33 is essential for
defense toward the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Here, we aimed at identifying early …

ABC transporters constitute one of the largest protein families found in all living organisms.
ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as …

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark of successful recognition of
infection and activation of plant defenses. ROS play multifaceted signaling functions …