Adaptation to the environment is essential for survival, in all wild animal species seasonal
variation in temperature and food availability needs to be anticipated. This has led to the …

Organisms use changes in photoperiod for seasonal reproduction to maximize the survival
of their offspring. Birds have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms and are therefore excellent …

The circadian system regulates many physiological functions including inflammatory
responses. For example, mortality caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection varies …

The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) forms not only the master circadian clock
but also a seasonal clock. This neural network of∼ 10,000 circadian oscillators encodes …

The circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as a seasonal
clock through its ability to encode day length [1–6]. To investigate the mechanism by which …

The pattern of circadian behavioral rhythms is photoperiod-dependent, highlighted by the
conservation of a phase relation between the behavioral rhythm and photoperiod. A model …

Circadian rhythms in neuronal ensemble, subpopulations, and single unit activity were
recorded in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of rat hypothalamic slices. Decomposition of …

Circadian clocks rhythmically coordinate biological processes in resonance with the
environmental cycle. The clock function relies on negative feedback loops that generate 24 …

Organisms living outside the tropics use changes in photoperiod to adapt to seasonal
changes in the environment. Several models have contributed to an understanding of this …

Mammalian hibernation is characterized by prolonged dormancy consisting of pronounced
depression of metabolism and body temperature. Though hibernation occurs in at least …