Protein synthesis occurs on macromolecular machines, called ribosomes. Bacterial
ribosomes and the translational machinery represent one of the major targets for antibiotics …

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is one of the multiple translational recoding
processes that fundamentally alters triplet decoding of the messenger RNA by the …

During translation, a conserved GTPase elongation factor—EF-G in bacteria or eEF2 in
eukaryotes—translocates tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome. EF-G has been proposed …

Time series data provided by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)
experiments offer the opportunity to infer not only model parameters describing molecular …

The translocation step of protein synthesis entails large-scale rearrangements of the
ribosome–transfer RNA (tRNA) complex. Here we have followed tRNA movement through …

During the elongation cycle, tRNA and mRNA undergo coupled translocation through the
ribosome catalyzed by elongation factor G (EF-G). Cryo-EM reconstructions of certain EF-G …

By using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET), we observe
the real-time dynamic coupling between the ribosome, labeled at the L1 stalk, and transfer …

Accurate protein synthesis (translation) relies on translation factors that rectify ribosome
fluctuations into a unidirectional process. Understanding this process requires structural …

Faithful translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein is essential to maintain protein
homeostasis in the cell. Spontaneous translation errors are very rare due to stringent …

The ribosome is one of the major targets in the cell for clinically used antibiotics. However,
the increase in multidrug resistant bacteria is rapidly reducing the effectiveness of our …