The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

Higher dose rates, a trend for radiotherapy machines, can be beneficial in shortening
treatment times for radiosurgery and mitigating the effects of motion. Recently, even higher …

The past few years have seen significant developments both of the technologies available
for proton and other charged particle therapies, and of the number and spread of therapy …

In the last 60 years, hadron therapy has made great advances passing from a stage of pure
research to a well-established treatment modality for solid tumours. In this paper the history …

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the more extensive application of
proton therapy in a clinical and preferably hospital-based environment. However, broader …

Recent developments for the delivery of proton and ion beam therapy have been significant,
and a number of technological solutions now exist for the creation and utilisation of these …

The inevitable progress from betatron to high energy circular induction accelerators is
described. On the basis of an example of induction synchrotrons that has been put to …

Utilizing high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets coupled with iron core on the
rapid cycling synchrotrons is considered as an effective way to reduce their construction and …

Particle therapy is the expanding radiotherapy treatment option of choice for cancer. Its cost,
however, is currently hindering its worldwide expansion. Also, the ideal application of …