One of the most important parts of formulating a National Ambient Air Quality Standard is
specifying the measurement methods for determining and attaining compliance. The …

The physical state of a material is described as its phase. Common phases of the molecule
H2O include vapor, liquid water, and ice. Examples of these phases in the atmosphere are …

In recent years, Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) have been used in many
locations around the world to study the size-resolved, nonrefractory chemical composition of …

pH is an important property of aerosol particles but is difficult to measure directly. Several
studies have estimated the pH values for fine particles in northern China winter haze using …

A multicomponent mole-fraction-based thermodynamic model is used to represent aqueous
phase activities, equilibrium partial pressures (of H2O, HNO3, and NH3), and saturation with …

Water activities, densities, and refractive indices over extended concentration ranges at 25°
C are reported for solution droplets containing a single salt of either (NH4) 2SO4 …

The Regional Acid Deposition Model has been modified to create the Regional Particulate
Model, a three‐dimensional Eulerian model that simulates the chemistry, transport, and …

A multicomponent mole-fraction-based thermodynamic model of the H+− NH4+− Na+−
SO42-− NO3-− Cl-− H2O system is used to represent aqueous-phase activities, equilibrium …

The extensive thermodynamic and optical properties recently reported [Tang and
Munkelwitz, 1994a] for sulfate and nitrate solution droplets are incorporated into a visibility …

The optical and chemical properties of atmospheric particles and their ability to act as cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) depend strongly upon their affinity for water. Laboratory …