The structure, function, and evolution of proteins depend on physical and genetic
interactions among amino acids. Recent studies have used new strategies to explore the …

To what extent is the convergent evolution of protein function attributable to convergent or
parallel changes at the amino acid level? The mutations that contribute to adaptive protein …

Here we present a draft genome sequence of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).
Through comparison with the human genome, we have generated a largely complete …

Epistasis for fitness means that the selective effect of a mutation is conditional on the genetic
background in which it appears. Although epistasis is widely observed in nature, our …

Proteins are finicky molecules; they are barely stable and are prone to aggregate, but they
must function in a crowded environment that is full of degradative enzymes bent on their …

'Disease-causing'mutations do not cause disease in all individuals. One possible important
reason for this is that the outcome of a mutation can depend upon other genetic variants in a …

Adaptation proceeds through the selection of mutations. The distribution of mutant fitness
effect and the forces shaping this distribution are therefore keys to predict the evolutionary …

Neutralism and selectionism are extremes of an explanatory spectrum for understanding
patterns of molecular evolution and the emergence of evolutionary innovation. Although …

The process of amino acid replacement in proteins is context-dependent, with substitution
rates influenced by local structure, functional role, and amino acids at other locations …

Hybrids between species are often characterized by novel gene-expression patterns. A
recent study on allele-specific gene expression in hybrids between species of Drosophila …