Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical
research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial …

Recently, with the emergence of new light sources, polarization devices, and detectors,
together with a prominent increase in data processing capability, polarization techniques …

Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging, Second Edition provides a
coherent introduction to the principles and applications of the integrated optical microscope …

Optical microscopes are an essential tool for both the detection of disease in clinics, and for
scientific analysis. However, in much of the world access to high-performance microscopy is …

Graded index (GRIN) lenses are commonly used for compact imaging systems. It is not
widely appreciated that the ion-exchange process that creates the rotationally symmetric …

In this Letter, we report a dual division of focal plane (DoFP) polarimeters-based full Mueller
matrix microscope (DoFPs-MMM) for fast polarization imaging. Both acquisition speed and …

Seldom has the introduction of a new instrument generated as instant an excitement among
biologists as the laser-scanning confocal microscope. With the new microscope, one can …

Today the increasing cancer incidence rate is becoming one of the biggest threats to human
health. Among all types of cancers, liver cancer ranks in the top five in both frequency and …

Functional interactions between different brain regions require connecting fiber tracts, the
structural basis of the human connectome. To assemble a comprehensive structural …

The cytoskeleton forms a variety of steady-state, subcellular structures that are maintained
by continuous fluxes of molecules and energy. Understanding such self-organizing …