Abstract Language models are playing an increasingly important role in many areas of
artificial intelligence (AI) and computational biology. In this primer, we discuss the ways in …

Highlights•Engineering for the bioproduction of natural products is bottlenecked by
screening.•To overcome this, we explore advancements in biosensors and analytical …

Motivation Large language models, trained on enormous corpora of biological sequences,
are state-of-the-art for downstream genomic and proteomic tasks. Since the genome …

Foundation models have achieved remarkable success in several fields such as natural
language processing, computer vision and more recently biology. DNA foundation models in …

In the field of protein engineering, the function and structure of proteins are key to
understanding cellular mechanisms, biological evolution, and biodiversity. With the …

Novel applications of language models in genomics promise to have a large impact on the
field. The megaDNA model is the first publicly available generative model for creating …

The emergence of genomic language models (gLMs) offers an unsupervised approach to
learn a wide diversity of cis-regulatory patterns in the non-coding genome without requiring …

Engineering synthetic regulatory circuits with precise input-output behavior—a central goal
in synthetic biology—remains encumbered by the inherent molecular complexity of cells …

The innovation of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology has developed rapidly in recent
years. It is widely used in the fields of disease animal model construction, biological …

Biological sequences encode fundamental instructions for the building blocks of life, in the
form of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Modeling these sequences is key to understand disease …