This paper is one in a series of World Bank Working Papers that seeks to document the
experience of Brazil's Bolsa Família Program. It highlights the key “nuts and bolts” of …

The world of public policy is becoming increasingly small due to dramatic changes in global
communications, political and economic institutional structures, and to nation states …

Até recentemente, acreditava-se que os problemas centrais da educação brasileira eram a
falta de escolas, as crianças que não iam à escola e a carência de verbas. Considerava-se …

Education in Brazil has changed intensely over the last several years. Access to basic
education is nearly universal, secondary education has been expanding very rapidly, and so …

In a context of increased primary school enrollment rates, secondary education is appearing
as the next big challenge for Latin American and East Asian countries. This report seeks to …

Brazil's constitution (1988) granted municipalities the responsibility of providing social
services. Many observers anticipated that this newfound authority would produce policy …

Policy diffusion studies often invoke explanations that draw on the directional pressures for
emulation, whether top-down, horizontal, or bottom-up. This article develops a theoretical …

Demand-side financing is a very useful tool for promoting access to underserved
populations when private schools are allowed to take in the excess demand, as was the …

Conditional cash transfer programmes have expanded in developing countries as a way to
foster human capital accumulation. Despite evidence of these programmes' positive impact …

Education-oriented social programs, known as “Bolsa Escola”, aim to provide poor families
with children with a monetary stipend, so as to enable and stimulate them to send their …