Primary tumors evolve metabolic mechanisms favoring glycolysis for adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) generation and antioxidant defenses. In contrast, metastatic cells …

The RAS-ERK pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade crucial for many biological
processes including proliferation, cell cycle control, growth, and survival; common across all …

ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) regulate the activity of various
transcription factors that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Although an attractive drug …

Activation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling inactivates capicua (CIC), a transcriptional
repressor that functions as a tumor suppressor, via degradation and/or cytoplasmic …

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are ubiquitous regulators of
many cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell death …

Infertility is one of the disorders that worries many couples around the world, although novel
and molecular methods can be used to cure this disease in different stages. One of the …

• Hyperproliferation of human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells leads to increased cell
mass causing airway obstruction in inflammatory diseases.(Fig. 1)• ERK1/2 signaling …

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway is crucial for cell
proliferation. Specific types of cancers, including malignant melanoma, contain activating …