Affective polarization, a concept that originated in the USA, has increasingly been studied in
Europe's multi-party systems. This form of polarization refers to the extent to which party …

Accepting defeat in the aftermath of elections is crucial for the stability of democracies. But in
times of intense polarization, the voluntary consent of electoral losers seems less obvious. In …

We examine if increased salience of partisan competition causes affective polarization in the
United States during presidential elections. To do so, we leverage the random and quasi …

In this article, we present the findings of a comprehensive longitudinal social network
analysis conducted on Twitter across four consecutive election campaigns in Spain …

Affective polarization (AP), the increased negative affect between opposing ideological
groups, is a growing concern in Western democracies. While often attributed to mutual …

Although affective polarization threatens democracies, little is known about how to reduce it
among one of polarization's main agents: party activists. The challenge stems from the …

The person-positivity bias states that evaluations of real-life individuals are more positive
compared to evaluations of collectivities or impersonal objects. This paper aims to test the …

Valence is a crucial concept in studying spatial voting and party competition. The widely
adopted approach is to rely on intercepts of vote choice models and to infer, based on their …

We analyze the winner-loser gap in affective polarization. Using data from 37 countries over
years 1996–2016 from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES), we find that …

Recent research has shown that partisan cooperation in the form of coalitional government
in parliamentary democracies can mitigate partisans' negative feelings toward opposing …