The spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2-S) interacts with the human ACE2 receptor to
gain entry into a cell to initiate infection. Both Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2 and Moderna's …

Northern Hemisphere forests changed drastically in the early Eocene with the diversification
of the oak family (Fagaceae). Cooling climates over the next 20 million years fostered the …

The design of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines involves many different types
of optimizations. Proper optimization of vaccine mRNA can reduce dosage required for each …

Wild mammalian species, including bats, constitute the natural reservoir of betacoronavirus
(including SARS, MERS, and the deadly SARS-CoV-2). Different hosts or host tissues …

Mosquitoes have profoundly affected human history and continue to threaten human health
through the transmission of a diverse array of pathogens. The phylogeny of mosquitoes has …

Anthozoan cnidarians (corals and sea anemones) include some of the world's most
important foundation species, capable of building massive reef complexes that support …

Abstract Background Polystachya Hook. is a large pantropical orchid genus (c. 240 species)
distributed in Africa, southern Asia and the Americas, with the center of diversity in Africa …

Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its
underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich …

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are important flaviviruses circulating in
Germany. While USUV was first reported more than 10 years ago, WNV has only reached …

Arvicolinae is one of the most impressive placental radiations with over 150 extant and
numerous extinct species that emerged since the Miocene in the Northern Hemisphere. The …