Cognition is defined as the processes by which animals collect, retain and use information
from their environment to guide their behaviour. Thus cognition is essential in a wide range …

Given that natural selection is so powerful at optimizing complex adaptations, why does it
seem unable to eliminate genes (susceptibility alleles) that predispose to common, harmful …

Explaining consistent variation in the behaviour of individuals in terms of personality
differences is one of the cornerstones of understanding human behaviour but is seldom …

Most fishes experiencing challenging environments are able to adjust and adapt their
physiology and behaviour to help them cope more effectively. Much of this flexibility is …

Highlights•The ecological approach to cognitionaims at understanding within and between
species differences in cognitive performance.•It is key to understand individual and species' …

Past research on fish orientation and migration has tended to focus on genetically fixed
patterns of behaviour. However, in most aquatic environments, the physical landscape as …

There is remarkable diversity in brain size among vertebrates, but surprisingly little is known
about how ecological species interactions impact the evolution of brain size. Using guppies …

The ability to return to, or avoid, specific locations is often critical to fitness-related activities.
We tested for differences in spatial memory of guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from low-and high …

Highlights•Western Australian magpies perform worse in a learning task when heat
stressed.•Individual performance was repeatable within, but not between, conditions.•Birds …

Lateralization, ie, the different functional roles played by the left and right sides of the brain,
is expressed in two main ways:(1) in single individuals, regardless of a common direction …