Vitamin D is a hormone with both genomic and non-genomic actions. It exerts its activity by
binding vitamin D receptor (VDR), which belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and …

Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting
evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is …

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The
discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its …

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are on the rise worldwide, and such a rapid increase is mainly
driven by environmental factors related to changed lifestyles in “modern” societies. In this …

Purpose Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and thyroid dysfunction during gestation
(GTD) are the two most prevalent endocrinopathies during pregnancy. The aim of the …

The role of thyroid hormones (THs) in the cardiovascular (CV) system, through several direct
and indirect effects is recognized. Even very small modification in TH levels (as those …

Anemia and thyroid disorders are global health issues that affect all ages but are more
apparent in women. In this case, some serological components responsible for iron …

Objective: Treatment options in Graves' disease (GD) are limited and do not target the
underlying autoimmunity, and relapse rates following a course of antithyroid drug (ATD) …

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder, triggering
hypothyroidism in a population with an adequate dietary intake. Despite the current …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is marked by self-tissue destruction as a consequence of an
alteration in the adaptive immune response that entails the evasion of immune regulation …