Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives
one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an essential electron donor in all
organisms, and provides the reducing power for anabolic reactions and redox balance …

Ferroptosis is widely involved in degenerative diseases in various tissues including kidney,
liver and brain, and is a targetable vulnerability in multiple primary and therapy-resistant …

We survey the historical development of scientific knowledge surrounding Vitamin B3, and
describe the active metabolite forms of Vitamin B3, the pyridine dinucleotides NAD+ and …

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is intricately linked to cellular metabolism. In
the forefront of research on ferroptosis, the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids has …

Until the mid-1980s studies of steroidogenesis largely depended on identifying steroid
structures and measuring steroid concentrations in body fluids. The molecular biology …

Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in
the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We …

Mammalian cytochromes P450 are an important class of enzymes involved in the
biotransformation of many endo-and exogenous compounds. Cytochrome P450 isoforms …

Ferroptosis is characterized as a novel form of regulated cell death, which is initiated by the
lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cellular labile free iron. This iron …

Most facets of mammalian physiology and behavior vary according to time of day, thanks to
endogenous circadian clocks. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of …