Known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to be a reproductive toxicant
in animal models. Its structural analogs: bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol AF …

Sertoli cells are somatic cells present in seminiferous tubules which have essential roles in
regulating spermatogenesis. Considering that each Sertoli cell is able to support a limited …

Spermatogenesis is fundamental to the establishment and maintenance of male
reproduction, whereas its abnormality results in male infertility. Somatic cells, including …

Evaluation of testicular functions (production of sperm and androgens) is an important
aspect of preclinical safety assessment and testicular toxicity is comparatively far more …

Spermatogenesis and male fertility are dependent upon the presence of testosterone in the
testis. In the absence of testosterone or the androgen receptor, spermatogenesis does not …

Spermatogenesis is completely dependent on the pituitary hormone follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and androgens locally produced in response to luteinising hormone (LH) …

Androgens are critical steroid hormones that determine the expression of the male
phenotype, including the outward development of secondary sex characteristics as well as …

Testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are required to obtain full reproductive
potential. In the testis, somatic Sertoli cells transduce signals from testosterone and FSH into …

Androgen receptor function is required for male embryonic sexual differentiation, pubertal
development and the regulation of spermatogenesis in mammals. During spermatogenesis …

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays fundamental roles in male and female fertility. FSH
is a heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The …