Automaticity is a hallmark feature of walking in adults who are healthy and well-functioning.
In the context of walking,“automaticity” refers to the ability of the nervous system to …

In human gait analysis studies, the entire foot is typically modeled as a single rigid-body
segment; however, this neglects power generated/absorbed within the foot. Here we show …

In this narrative review we evaluate foundational biomechanical theories of human foot
function in light of new data acquired with technology that was not available to early …

Muscle–tendon units about the ankle joint generate a burst of positive power during the step-
to-step transition in human walking, termed ankle push-off, but there is no scientific …

Measuring biomechanical work performed by humans and other animals is critical for
understanding muscle–tendon function, joint-specific contributions and energy-saving …

Previous studies of human locomotion indicate that foot and ankle structures can interact in
complex ways. The structure of the foot defines the input and output lever arms that …

The human foot and ankle system is equipped with structures that can produce mechanical
work through elastic (eg, Achilles tendon, plantar fascia) or viscoelastic (eg, heel pad) …

The human foot contains passive elastic tissues that have spring-like qualities, storing and
returning mechanical energy and other tissues that behave as dampers, dissipating energy …

During typical human walking, the metatarsophalangeal joints undergo extension/flexion,
which we term toe joint articulation. This toe joint articulation impacts locomotor …

Purpose The human foot undergoes complex deformations during walking due to passive
tissues and active muscles. However, based on prior recordings it is unclear if muscles that …