This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

The urothelium, which lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary
bladder, not only forms a high-resistance barrier to ion, solute and water flux, and …

Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually affects younger age groups with male preponderance. The
most common traumatic cause is road traffic accident followed by sports accidents and gun …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra,
forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical …

Purpose: Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is effective in the treatment of intractable
detrusor overactivity (DO). In addition to its known inhibitory effect on presynaptic release of …

The storage and periodic elimination of urine, termed micturition, requires a complex neural
control system to coordinate the activities of the urinary bladder, urethra, and urethral …

Although the urinary bladder urothelium has classically been thought of as a passive barrier
to ions and solutes, a number of novel properties have been recently attributed to urothelial …

The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ)
and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli …