Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger,
mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is …

With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and
osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the …

The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal
homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent …

Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease in postmenopausal women, diabetic
patients and obese patients and is characterized by an imbalance in bone formation and …

The nitric oxide (NO)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)–protein kinase G (PKG)
pathway plays a critical role in skeletal homeostasis. Preclinical data using NO and its …

Mitochondria are the energy source for basal cell functions as well as for tissue repair and
regeneration. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by bone …

Bone has long been considered as a silent organ that provides a reservoir of calcium and
phosphorus, traditionally. Recently, further study of bone has revealed additional functions …

Androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in the cytoplasm induces the AR to
translocate to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of target genes. Here, we found …

There is clear evidence that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mediates bone
metabolism. Histological studies show abundant SNS innervation of the periosteum and …

Bestrophin 1 (Best1) is a chloride channel that localises to the plasma membrane of retinal
pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Mutations in the BEST1 gene are associated with a group of …