Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many …

AMD is a major cause of legal blindness in older adults approachable through
multidisciplinary research involving human tissues and patients. AMD is a vascular …

Due to improved phenotyping and genetic characterization, the field of 'incurable'and
'blinding'inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) has moved substantially forward. Decades of …

Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) have become popular for gene therapy, given their
many advantages, including their reduced inflammatory profile compared with that of other …

Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that occurs in various chemical forms. It is
essential for several physiological processes. Either hyper-or hypovitaminosis can be …

Purpose: By optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, hyperreflective foci (HRF)
indicate progression risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and are in …

The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the
burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently …

Purpose OCT has been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-
up of many ocular diseases, especially retinal and neuro-ophthalmologic pathologic …

While rods in the mammalian retina regenerate rhodopsin through a well-characterized
pathway in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), cone visual pigments are thought to …

AMD pathobiology was irreversibly changed by the recent discovery of extracellular
cholesterol-containing deposits in the subretinal space, between the photoreceptors and …