With the success of the GATT/WTO in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the
recent focus of both regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to nontariff …

This article describes a new fact, then analyzes its causes and consequences: in most
countries, import tariffs and nontariff barriers are substantially lower on dirty than on clean …

Surprisingly little is known about policies that affect international trade in services. Previous
analyses have focused on policy commitments made by countries in international …

A growing share of modern trade policy instruments is shaped by non-tariff barriers (NTBs).
Based on a structural gravity equation and the recently updated Global Trade Alert …

Critics of the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) dismiss its
potential welfare gains as small compared with its risks. We contribute to this debate by …

The cost of complying with a sanitary standard is certain. However, such measure introduces
uncertainty for exporters in relation to border rejections. Shipments may fail to pass …

Understanding trade costs is essential for formulating policy interventions designed to
reduce such costs. This report synthesises all OECD work on cost factors across the entire …

Krieger-Boden c. and Soltwedel r. Identifying European economic integration and
globalization: a review of concepts and measures, Regional Studies. Processes of regional …

This paper quantifies a novel channel that contributes to greater trade integration: the
release of harmonized, voluntary product standards. Standards define product …

This paper provides a tour d'horizon on where we stand with the information, and analysis of
Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs). The analysis of NTMs has been fragmentary, not keeping pace …