Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection presently affects more that 40 million
people worldwide, and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) disruption in at least …

Here the authors discuss evidence in human and animal models supporting two opposing
views regarding the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the central …

ContextThe prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) central nervous system
(CNS) disease has not decreased despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. Current …

Central nervous system (CNS) invasion during acute-stage HIV-infection has been
demonstrated in a small number of individuals, but there is no evidence of neurological …

Abstract Characterization of the earliest neuropathologic features of Alzheimer disease (AD)
indicates that synaptic degeneration accompanied by tau hyperphosphorylation and …

HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 has been implicated in neurotoxin production by monocytic
cells (ie, macrophages and microglia), as well as in the pathogenesis of HIV-1–associated …

We previously reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can activate the stress-
activated protein kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK. In the present study, we undertook a …

Cytokine disturbances have been linked to brain dysfunction among HIV-infected people.
Past studies have not simultaneously examined a large set of cytokine measures and their …

Chronic HIV infection leads to the development of cognitive impairments, designated as HIV-
associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The secretion of soluble neurotoxic factors by …

The role of p38 and c-jun-N-terminal kinases 1/2, members of the mitogen-activated protein
kinase family, in mediating the toxic effects of human immunodeficiency virus-1 …