Background Infection after surgery and trauma is a major cause of increased morbidity,
mortality, and cost. Alterations of the hosts immune system following these insults is believed …

The term ''adrenergic''originates from ''adrenaline''and describes hormones or drugs whose
effects are similar to those of epinephrine. Adrenergic stress is mediated by stimulation of …

Background Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) can progress to an acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves alveolar infiltration by activated …

Nosocomial infections are a common occurrence in patients following traumatic brain injury
(TBI) and are associated with an increased risk of mortality, longer length of hospital stay …

Objective: To determine if beta-(β)-blockers improve outcomes after acute traumatic brain
injury (TBI). Background: There have been no new inpatient pharmacologic therapies to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in trauma patients,
and can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe by the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) …

BACKGROUND Beta blockers, a class of medications that inhibit endogenous
catecholamines interaction with beta adrenergic receptors, are often administered to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue because of its increasing
incidence and the substantial short-term and long-term burden it imposes. This burden …

BACKGROUND The complex alterations that occur in peripheral immunity after traumatic
brain injury (TBI) have been poorly characterized to date. The purpose of this study was to …

Background and Purpose—Autonomic dysfunction, including increased sympathetic drive
and blunted baroreflex, has repeatedly been observed in acute stroke. Of clinical importance …