Migraine is ranked as the second highest cause of disability worldwide and the first among
women aged 15–49 years. Overall, the incidence of migraine is threefold higher among …

Gonadal hormones not only play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and sexual
differentiation, they also contribute to thermoregulation, feeding, memory, neuronal survival …

The brain responds differently to environmental and internal signals that relate to the stage
of development of neural systems. While genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to a …

Results: The relationship between estrogen levels and TMD was found in seven out of nine
reviewed papers. Results from two papers suggest that a high estrogen level is associated …

Ongoing intrinsic brain activity in resting, but awake humans is dominated by alpha
oscillations. In human, individual alpha frequency (IAF) is associated with cognitive …

Sex differences exist in chronic pain pathologies, and gonadal estradiol (E2) alters the pain
sensation. The nocisensor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor plays a …

GABAA receptors containing the α 6 subunit are highly expressed in cerebellar granule cells
and less abundantly in many other neuronal and peripheral tissues. Here, we for the first …

Women disproportionately suffer from many deep tissue pain conditions. Experimental
studies show that women have lower pain thresholds, higher pain ratings and less tolerance …

Migraine is caused by hyperactivity of the trigeminovascular system, where trigeminal
ganglia (TG) play an important role. This hyperactivity might originate from an …

Several trigeminal pain disorders show sex differences, and high levels of estrogens may
underlie these differences. The interaction between transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 …