Coagulation is an essential process for the removal of suspended and colloidal material
from water and wastewater. However, no comprehensive or universally accepted …

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) could be used in effective drinking water quality
management. This review provides an overview about the history of ANNs and their …

The traditional determination of optimum coagulant doses in drinking water treatment plants
(WTPs) using the jar test technique is time-consuming, expensive, significantly influenced by …

Purpose Coagulation and flocculation are the prominent processes and unit-operations in
water treatment plants. One of the most challenging operations in water treatment process is …

Real-time water quality monitoring is a complex system as it involves many quality
parameters to be monitored, the nature of these parameters, and non-linear …

The Internet of Things (IoT) based water quality monitoring system, mostly uses cost-
effective sensors with a faster response time. Few water quality parameters such as …

The artificial neural network (ANN) has been applied to the nonlinear relationship between
accumulated input and output numerical data for the coagulation processes in water …

Traditionally, coagulant doses are determined by the operators for the coagulation process
at water treatment plants which is a multi-factor approach based on raw and treated water …

The coagulation process, which involves many complex physical and chemical phenomena,
is one of the most important stages in water-treatment plants. The coagulant dosage rate is …

Real-time determination of appropriate coagulant dosage under wide fluctuation of raw
water quality in a water treatment plant (WTP) is a challenging task due to nonlinearity …