The physics of proton therapy has advanced considerably since it was proposed in 1946.
Today analytical equations and numerical simulation methods are available to predict and …

Purpose: Task Group (TG) 224 was established by the American Association of Physicists in
Medicine's Science Council under the Radiation Therapy Committee and Work Group on …

During radiotherapy, the organs and tumour move as a result of the dynamic nature of the
body; this is known as intrafraction motion. Intrafraction motion can result in tumour …

Purpose: A new biodegradable liquid fiducial marker was devised to allow for easy insertion
in lung tumors using thin needles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visibility of …

Robustness to obstacles is the most important factor necessary to achieve accurate tumor
tracking without fiducial markers. Some high-density structures, such as bone, are enhanced …

Image-guided radiation therapy using implanted fiducial markers is a common solution for
prostate localization to improve targeting accuracy. However, fiducials that are typically used …

Background and purpose We investigated the clinical applicability of a novel liquid fiducial
marker (LFM) for image-guided pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy (PBSPT) of …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visibility and artifact created by gold, carbon,
and polymer fiducial markers in a simple phantom across computed tomography (CT) …

Purpose The presence of range uncertainties hinders the exploitation of the full potential of
charged particle therapy. Several range verification techniques have been proposed to …

Image guidance using implanted fiducial markers is commonly used to ensure accurate and
reproducible target positioning in radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The ideal fiducial …