Snake venoms as tools for hunting are primarily aimed at the most vital systems of the prey,
especially the nervous and circulatory systems. In general, snakes of the Elapidae family …

The CAP protein superfamily (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), Antigen 5 (Ag5),
and Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) proteins) is widely distributed, but for toxinologists …

The active components of snake venoms encompass a complex and variable mixture of
proteins that produce a diverse, but largely stereotypical, range of pharmacologic effects and …

Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse
group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including …

Snake venom research has focused on front-fanged venomous snakes because of the high
incidence of human morbidity and mortality from envenomations and larger venom yields of …

Phoneutria nigriventer is one of the largest existing true spiders and one of the few
considered medically relevant. Its venom contains several neurotoxic peptides that act on …

BACKGROUND Members of the cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPS), antigen 5 (Ag5)
and pathogenesis-related 1 (Pr-1)(CAP) superfamily of proteins are found across the …

Background: Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been reported to induce
myotoxic, neurotoxic, hemolytic, edematogenic, cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects. This …

Snake envenomation is well known to cause grievous pathological signs, including
haemorrhagic discharge, necrosis, and respiratory distress. However, inflammatory …

Saw-scaled or carpet vipers (genus Echis) are considered to cause a higher global
snakebite mortality than any other snake. Echis carinatus sochureki (ECS) is a widely …