The dystonias are a group of disorders defined by specific types of abnormal movements.
The essential feature is overactivity of muscles needed for movement. This overactivity can …

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and a neuromuscular blocking
agent used for the treatment of a variety of neurologic and medical conditions. The efficacy …

Botulinum toxin type A is a high molecular weight protein complex containing active
neurotoxin and complexing proteins, the latter of which, it is believed, protect the neurotoxin …

Abstract Background Botulinum toxin A (BTX) confers flaccid paralysis and pain modulation
when injected into a muscle. We hypothesized that long‐term paralysis of the abdominal …

Background Masseteric hypertrophy is a benign condition characterized by the enlargement
of the masseter muscles. A square‐shaped jawline due to masseter muscle prominence or …

The dystonias are defined by excessive muscular contraction producing involuntary
abnormal movements. 1 The clinical appearance of abnormal movements in the dystonias …

The aim of this study is to review our longitudinal experience with onabotulinumtoxinA
(onaBoNT-A) injections for medically refractory hand tremor. We performed a retrospective …

Botulinum toxin (BT) used for dystonia and spasticity is dosed according to the number of
target muscles and the severity of their muscle hyperactivities. With this no other drug is …

Botulinum toxin (BT) is used to treat a large number of muscle hyperactivity syndromes. Its
use in dystonia, however, is still one of the most important indications for BT therapy. When …

In 2005, incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®), a new botulinum toxin (BT) type A drug without
complexing proteins (CPs), became available. This paper reviews the specific features of …