The success of inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines has enhanced livestock
productivity, promoted food security, and attenuated the morbidity and mortality of several …

The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption
worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major …

Increasing globalization, agricultural intensification, urbanization, and climatic changes have
resulted in a significant recent increase in emerging infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic …

Nowadays, it is well-established that the consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken
meat products has been drastically increasing. Even though more attentions are being paid …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein nuclease 9
(CRISPR-Cas9) technology offers novel approaches to precisely, cost-effectively, and user …

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) and Newcastle disease (ND) are two important avian
diseases that have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide …

The chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) confers
the best protection against ILTV but causes adverse reactions due to its swift replication …

Many viral diseases affect the poultry industry worldwide and pose a devastating economic
impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. Generally, there is no treatment for these viral …

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease of the
upper respiratory tract in chickens and other poultry species that causes significant …

Multiple outbreaks of avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in chickens, both domestically
and internationally, have been directly correlate to widespread vaccine use in affected …