Redox reactions play important roles in almost all biological processes, including
photosynthesis and respiration, which are two essential energy processes that sustain all life …

The present advances in biology are related to progress in genomics, proteomics, and other
“-omics”, including glycomics, working with a large amount of data regarding human and …

Scientists in such fields as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, biology, and
medicine are currently involved in investigations of porphyrins and their numerous …

Recent investigations have shed much light on the nuclear and electronic factors that control
the rates of long-range electron tunneling through molecules in aqueous and organic …

Approximately one-half of all known protein crystal structures in the protein data bank (PDB)
contain metal ion cofactors, which play vital roles in charge neutralization, structure, and …

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to
deoxynucleotides in all organisms (eq 1). 1-3 These enzymes play an essential role in DNA …

1. History 3422. Activation barriers 3432.1 Redox potentials 3442.2 Reorganization energy
3443. Electronic coupling 3454. Ru-modified proteins 3484.1 Reorganization energy …

Electron flow through proteins and protein assemblies in the photosynthetic and respiratory
machinery commonly occurs between metal centers or other redox cofactors that are …

The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of blue copper proteins are strikingly
different from those of inorganic copper complexes in aqueous solution. Over three decades …

Hemes remain one of the most visible and versatile classes of cofactors utilized in biology. 1
Since their discovery, the structural and functional aspects of heme proteins have fascinated …