Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health
as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome impacts brain development and
function. Gut–brain connections may be mediated by an assortment of microbial molecules …

Immune processes have a vital role in CNS homeostasis, resilience and brain reserve. Our
cognitive and social abilities rely on a highly sensitive and fine-tuned equilibrium of immune …

Aging, as a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways, is known to
be exacerbated by various stresses. Because responses to these stresses, such as oxidative …

Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and
depression. Although depression has historically been linked to alterations in …

Resilience is the process that allows individuals to adapt to adverse conditions and recover
from them. This process is favored by individual qualities that have been amply studied in …

One of the most critical epigenetic signatures present in the genome of higher eukaryotes is
the methylation of DNA at the C-5 position of the cytosine ring. Based on the sites of DNA …

It is accepted that the medicinal use of complex mixtures of plant-derived bioactive
compounds is more effective than purified bioactive compounds due to beneficial …

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder and
posttraumatic stress disorder, exact enormous socioeconomic and individual consequences …