Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-
coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have …

There are virtually no clinically available neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of acute
and chronic neurological disorders, hence there is an urgent need for the development of …

The Apelin/APJ system is involved in a wide range of biological functions. For a long time,
Apelin was thought to be the only ligand for APJ. Recently, a new peptide that acts via APJ …

The apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine
signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects …

Apelin receptor (APJR) is a class A peptide (apelin) binding G protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) that plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure, cardiac output, and …

Adipose tissue is actually regarded as an endocrine organ, rather than as an organ that
merely stores energy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has undoubtedly emerged as …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an epidemic with an ever-increasing global prevalence.
Current treatment strategies, although plentiful and somewhat effective, often fail to achieve …

Apelin and Elabela are endogenous peptide ligands for Apelin receptor (APJ), a widely
expressed G protein-coupled receptor. They constitute a spatiotemporal dual ligand system …

Apelin, a peptide initially isolated from bovine stomach extract, is an endogenous ligand for
the Apelin Receptor (APLNR). Subsequently, a second peptide, ELABELA, that can bind to …

Apelin participates in cardiovascular functions, metabolic disease, and homeostasis
disorder. However, the biological function of apelin in liver diseases, especially liver fibrosis …