The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally
acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of …

Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by
excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that …

The liver is a central immunological organ. Liver resident macrophages, Kupffer cells (KC),
but also sinusoidal endothelial cells, dendritic cells (DC) and other immune cells are …

A great effort of research has been devoted in the last few years to developing new anti-HBV
therapies of finite duration that also provide effective sustained control of virus replication …

Liver cancer represents a major health problem worldwide with growing incidence and high
mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most frequent. Hepatocytes are likely …

The liver represents a unique organ biased toward a tolerogenic milieu. Due to its
anatomical location, it is constantly exposed to microbial and food-derived antigens from the …

Chronic liver disease mediated by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) leads to liver
fibrosis. Here, we postulated that the immune regulatory properties of HSCs might promote …

Antigen cross‐presentation is a principal function of specialized antigen‐presenting cells of
bone marrow origin such as dendritic cells. Although these cells are sometimes known as …

The modulation and suppression of anti-tumor immune responses is a characteristic feature
of tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. Members of the B7 family are involved in this …

Liver transplantation is the ideal treatment approach for a variety of end-stage liver diseases.
However, life-long, systemic immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation is required …