Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and causes a range of diseases
from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for …

The leishmaniases are diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus
Leishmania. Infections are initiated when a sand fly vector inoculates Leishmania parasites …

Despite several studies describing the secretion of exosomes by Leishmania in vitro,
observation of their formation and release in vivo has remained a major challenge. Herein …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-surrounded structures released by different
kinds of cells (normal, diseased, and transformed cells) in vivo and in vitro that contain large …

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects 12 million people worldwide. The
disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and is prevalent in over 80 countries, leaving …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), commonly known as kala-azar, is caused by Leishmania
donovani and Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi in the Americas). These …

Advances in the understanding of leishmaniasis progression indicate that cellular
interactions more complex than the Th1/Th2 paradigm define the course of infection. Th17 …

Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of the leishmaniases, a collection of vector-
borne diseases that range from simple cutaneous to fatal visceral forms. Employing potent …

Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania (Trypanosomatidae:
Kinetoplastida) are parasitic protozoan causing Chagas disease, African Trypanosomiasis …

Leishmaniasis, resulting from infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, consists of a
wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral …