Plants encounter various abiotic stresses due to their sessile nature which include heavy
metals, salt, drought, nutrient deficiency, light intensity, pesticide contamination, as well as …

The atmosphere connects habitats across multiple spatial scales via airborne dispersal of
microbial cells, propagules and biomolecules. Atmospheric microorganisms have been …

We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many
countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers …

To convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy, the leaf splits water via the
photosynthetic process to produce molecular oxygen and hydrogen, which is in a form of …

The introduction of molecular oxygen into the atmosphere was accompanied by the
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as side products of many biochemical …

Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

Providing an adequate quantity and quality of food for the escalating human population
under changing climatic conditions is currently a great challenge. In outdoor cultures …

Photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII) is essential to avoid the light-induced damage of the
photosynthetic apparatus due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (= photo-oxidative …

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization,
functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now …